List of universities in Nepal

Prior to the establishment of the first college in the country, Tri-Chandra College in 1918, higher education in Nepal was nonexistent. Until 1985, Tribhuvan University had remained the one and the only university in Nepal. In the early 80s, His Majesty's Government developed the concept of a multi-university system for the country. One important assumption behind the concept was that each new university should have a distinctive nature, content and function of its own.

The first new university that was established was Mahendra Sanskrit University. The inception of this university was soon followed by Kathmandu University in 1990, Purbanchal and Pokhara Universities in 1995 and 1996 respectively. Many schools and colleges are run by private initiatives but none of the universities in Nepal are private.

Currently there are six universities in Nepal, and two institutions recognised as universities:

• Tribhuvan University [1]
• Kathmandu University [2]
• Pokhara University [3]
• Purbanchal University[4]
  
• Mahendra Sanskrit University[5]
• Lumbini Bouddha University[6]
• Bisheshwar Prasad Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
• National Academy of Medical Sciences
• Mid-Western University Birendranagar
• Nepal Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Bharatpur
• Siddartha University

Tribhuvan University

Tribhuvan University(TU) is a public university in Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal. Established in 1959, TU is the oldest university in Nepal. A huge number of students, approximately 272,746 from all over Nepal and abroad, makes it the biggest university in Nepal.

The University provides both undergraduate and graduate education. Currently, more than 2,400 courses are offered, of which 300 are for intermediate level courses (equivalent to Higher Secondary School), 1,079 are for undergraduate and 1,000 are for Postgraduate programs. The university has 65 integral colleges and more than 200 affiliated colleges throughout the country. Since it is government financed, it is less expensive than other private universities.

Kathmandu University

Kathmandu University was started in 1991 with the motto "Quality Education for Leadership". The University operates through its six Schools of Science, Engineering, Management, Arts, Education and Medical sciences. The University is operating from premises at Dhulikhel, Kathmandu and Bhaktapur.

As of 2000, the present number of students enrolled in Kathmandu University is about 1268 and the number of students enrolled in the affiliated colleges are 2072.

Pokhara University

Pokhara University (PU) was established in 1996 as Nepal's fifth University. The central office of the university is located in Pokhara, Kaski district, Western Development Region. Along with Purbanchal University, PU was formed as part of the government's policy to pursue a multi-university system for improved access to higher education. The Prime Minister is the Chancellor of the University and the Minister for Education is the Pro-Chancellor. The Vice Chancellor is the principal administrator of the university.

Purbanchal University "पुर्वान्चल विश्वविधालय"

Purbanchal University (PU) was established in 1995 with aims to develop higher education in the country in a decentralized manner and to expand the opportunities of higher education. The Prime Minister is the Chancellor of the University and the Pro-Chancellor is the Minister for Education. The Vice Chancellor is the principal administrator of the University. The Central Office of the University is located in Biratnagar, Morang district, Eastern Development Region.

Mahendra Sanskrit University

Mahendra Sanskrit University (MSU) established in December 1986, has its central office at Beljhundi in Dang district of Mid-Western Development Region, Nepal. The university offers Intermediate (Uttar Madhyama), Bachelor (Shastri), Bachelor of Education, Masters (Acharya) and Doctoral courses in classical and modern subjects. It also offers intermediate in Ayurveda and condensed courses for Ayurvedacharya. The university has 12 constituent and 13 affiliated Vidhyapithas (campuses) situated in different parts of the country.

Lumbini Buddha University

Lumbini Buddha University Lumbini Buddha University was established in 2005 on the occasion of World Buddhist Conference in Nepal. This university is nearthe birth place of Lord Buddha. The aim of this university is to discover the philosophy of Buddhism and creation of inner peace.

This university was in preparation for the course book and infrastructure from three years but in 2008 it has started its first semester on Buddhism.

Tribhuvan University

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Introduction

Founded in 1959, Tribhuvan University, Nepal's first national University was geared towards modernization through a national system of higher education. It was named after Late King Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah Dev. The Chancellor of the University is His Majesty King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev.

The University has sixty two campuses of its own and hundred and thirty four private campuses affiliated to it. The student enrollment in Tribhuvan University's constituent campuses is about 92,000 and in the affiliated campuses, the total enrollment estimate is 4,00,000. Today, the University is an academic home for about 1,50,000 students and about 5,500 faculty members. On the support service side, the University has about 2,300 people working on administration, about 1,500 on technical jobs and about 3,200 on utility services.

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History of Higher Education in Nepal

Prior to the establishment of the first college in the country, Tri-Chandra College in 1918, higher education in Nepal was nonexistent. There were a few schools but no colleges. There were, however, two areas for higher education; Sanskrit and English.

Sanskrit.

Sanskrit had been the main field of teaching and learning in the country. A Sanskrit school by the name of Sanskrit Pradhan Pathshala was established by the then Rana Prime Minister Ranoddip Singh around 1877. Later, during the Rana regime, more Sanskrit schools were opened in various places of the country such as Dingla, Janakpur and Dang. A large number of graduates from these schools would join the University at Darbhanga or Kashi across the boarder in India. Students seeking higher education, but who could not afford to travel to India would either continue in their respective native schools where they would be taught within the school curriculum time by qualified senior teachers or be coached privately by their teachers. In 1948, the Nepal Sanskrit College with affiliation to the Sanskrit University in Baneras, India was established. It offered Uttara Madhyarna (Intermediate), Shastri (Bachelor), and Acharya (Master) courses.

English Stream

In the changing situation, Sanskrit education alone could not meet the needs of society. In 1854, Durbar School was opened in Kathmandu by Jung Bahadur, the first Rana Prime Minister. However, the school virtually remained a family school, catering to the education needs of the Ranas and the Nepalese elite. However, In 1883, Prime Minister Bir Shumsher declared it open for the public. The School Leaving certificate (SLC/Matriculation, Grade ten ) examination used to be conducted by the University of Calcutta, India. In 1934 the Nepal SLC Examination Board was founded and started conducting the SLC examination in Nepal. People who could afford further education following the SLC would go to India, while others would appear as private candidates in Indian universities or end their journey to any further education.

Tri-Chandra: Nepal's First College

The feeling among the people of being deprived of education received expression when Nepalese intellectuals and elite called for the establishment of an institution for higher education. Coming to terms with the needs of the country in 1918, the then Rana Prime Minister, Chandra Shumsher, reluctantly established the Tribhuvan Chandra Intermediate College (later, renamed Tri-Chandra College , and now Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus). Of all the Rana Prime Ministers, Chandra Shumsher was one who was most opposed to any form of higher education in Nepal. It is said that during the inauguration of the college he had remarked "With the opening of this college, I have hacked my own leg."

Tri-Chandra College was modeled on a typical Indian college and affiliated to Patna University in India. Initially it conducted classes in liberal arts subjects. Later the faculties of science and commerce were added in 1919 and 1954 respectively. Professors and teachers were from India and beyond. Higher education was however free of cost. Since there was no university in Nepal, Patna University conducted the university (final) examination with Kathmandu as its Nepal Center. Graduates passing out from the college were largely inducted into government service or the teaching profession.

The establishment of Tri-Chandra College built the base for higher education in the country. Following the foundation laid by Tri-Chandra, colleges were established within and outside the Kathmandu Valley. Some prominent colleges were Nepal National College today known as Shanker Dev Campus in Kathmandu and Thakur Ram College (now Thakur Ram Multiple Campus) in Birgunj. With these developments, people had access to higher education in Nepal and marked the beginning of the expansion of higher education in Nepal.

According to the Tribhuvan University College Inspection Report prepared in 1969, there were over 50 colleges in Nepal. Of them, 29 were degree colleges and 21 intermediate colleges, and 3 were being considered. There were 7 Sanskrit colleges (5 degree and 2 intermediate). There was 1 Law College, 1 Education College and 1 Fine Arts College in the country. There were 17 colleges in the capital (13 degree and 4 intermediate). Five of these degree colleges Tri-Chandra, Padma Kanya, Patan, Durbar and Nepal Rajakiya Sanskrit Mahavidyalava were government colleges.

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Recent developments

Until 1985, Tribhuvan University had remained the one and the only university in Nepal. In the early 80s, His Majesty's Government developed the concept of a multi-university system for the country. One important assumption behind the concept was that each new university should have a distinctive nature, content and function of its own.

The first new university that was established was Mahendra Sanskrit University. The inception of this university was soon followed by Kathmandu University which, unlike Tribhuvan University or Mahendra Sanskrit University, is an institution of higher education founded by the private sector.

With the establishment of other universities, there is now ground to hope that the ever-growing student enrollment pressure on Tribhuvan University will be eased and that avenues will open up for Tribhuvan University to collaborate with them in the process of teaching-learning, research and other fields of activity in mutually beneficial ways.

Higher Secondary System

The first phase of tertiary education, ( higher secondary education, popularly called "10+2") has been integrated with the secondary schools. The higher secondary level is academically equivalent to the Proficiency Certificate program of instruction run in the university and affiliated campuses. There is, however, a plan to shift the Proficiency Certificate level from university campuses to secondary schools. The shift will help Tribhuvan University to concentrate on strengthening and enriching its Bachelor and Master degree programmes.

Three-year Bachelor Curriculum

Tribhuvan University has extended its 2 years of Bachelor course of study to 3 years. The 3-year Bachelor curriculum, which currently applies to 4 Faculties (Humanities & Social Sciences, Management, Law and Education) and 1 Institute (Science & Technology), was introduced in 1996. The new curriculum includes inputs built on the latest knowledge and information available and ensures that Tribhuvan University graduates are equipped and qualified for studies and projects anywhere in the world.

The Proficiency Certificate level program under the Faculty of Law has been phased out and admission to the Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) program is now open to those who already hold a Bachelor degrees. The LL.B. is a recent innovation on the existing Bachelor of Law (B.L.) and was started in 1995. The Faculty of Law has recently lunched the LL.M. And Ph.D. programmes.

University Grants Commission

His Majesty's Government of Nepal has established the University Grants Commission (UGC) to provide university and private campuses with grants and funds for regular financial support as well as for quality improvement.

The major functions of the Grants Commission are as follows.
• to restructure the current grants policy and provide grants accordingly,
• to mobilize the government, non-government and international resources
for educational development,
• to advise the government on affiliation matters,
• to recommend the establishment of new universities,
• to promote inter-university relations (Nepal and outside Nepal)

Cluster Program

A cluster is a system involving some Tribhuvan University campuses, private campuses and some higher secondary schools. However, the cluster has one university campus in the lead. The lead campus is the central agency and educational resource pool for the whole cluster. The cluster members cooperate and collaborate with each other to resolve problems and issues that might arise within the cluster. Tribhuvan University has recently organized a cluster of campuses in the Western Development Region with Prithvi Narayan Multiple Campus of Pokhara as the lead campus. Currently, the cluster has 5 member campuses (T.U.campuses) and 6 associate members (private campuses and higher secondary schools falling within the catchment area). The university has a plan to organize institutional clusters in other regions of the country.

Library Science

It is a 1 -year postgraduate course with Bachelor degree as the entry requirement. This B.Lib. Science program was launched in 1995 and is placed under the Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences. It is currently housed in the Central Library building complex.

Child Study Canter

The canter will be placed under the Faculty of Education. The purpose is to study child development (cognitive, psychomotor, etc.) and relate the study findings to curriculum and program activities in early childhood education.

Ophthalmic Canter

Tribhuvan University has established the B.P.Koirala Lions Canter for Ophthalmic Studies within the TU Teaching Hospital premises at Maharajgung . The canter conducts research programmes related to the eye and eye diseases. It also provides clinical pathological and surgical services to indoor and outdoor patients.

Examination Contact Offices

Examination contact offices for the Eastern,Western and Midwestern Regions have recently been established at Biratnagar, Pokhara and Nepalgunj respectively. These offices will help the Office of the Controller of Examinations conduct and manage central examinations on regional basis.

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Tribhuvan University Faculties and Institutes

Introduction:

Faculties under Tribhuvan University, each headed by a Dean.

1. Humanities & Social Sciences
2. Management
3. Law
4. Education

The Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences runs programmes on a wide range of liberal arts subjects, and the Faculties of Management, Law, and Education provide professional studies.

The University has the following Institutes, each with a Dean at the apex:

1. Science & Technology
2. Engineering
3. Forestry
4. Agriculture & Animal Science
5. Medicine.

The University has the following specialized Research Canters; each led by an Executive Director.

1. Canter for Economic Development & Administration (CEDA)
2. Canter for Nepal & Asian Studies (CNAS)
3. Research Canter for Applied Science & Technology (RECAST)
4. Research Canter for Educational Innovation & Development (CERID)

Research Section

There is also a Research Section headed by a Director. The major function of section is to coordinate research conducted within Tribhuvan University and help foreign students and scholars carry research works in Nepal.

Curriculum Development Canter

The Curriculum Development Canter, headed by an Executive Director, engages in the development and revision of curricula of compulsory (e.g. English and Nepali) and common (e.g. Economics and Mathematics) subjects and in the production of textbooks and reference materials. It also looks after the recognition and equivalence of certificates and degrees awarded by universities and other academic institutions within and outside Nepal.

Academic Levels

Tribhuvan University has the following consecutive levels of study:-

• Proficiency Certificate.
• Bachelor
• Master
• Ph.D. (Research)

Languages of Instruction
In Tribhuvan University, Nepali and English are the languages of instruction.

Subjects and Levels in the Faculties

Humanities & Social Sciences

(a)Proficiency Certificate Level (2 years)

Nepali, Newari, Hindi, Maithili, Sanskrit, English, Economics, Political Science, Nepalese History/ Culture/Archaeology, History, Geography, Mathematics, Statistics, Home Science, Painting, Sculpture, Music, Dance, Psychology, Logic/Philosophy, Journalism, Social Service.

b) Bachelor Level BA (3 years)

The subjects in (a) plus Sociology-Anthropology, Population Studies, Strategic Studies

(c) Master Level MA. (2 years)

The subjects in (a) and (b) plus Linguistics

(d)Postgraduate Diploma (1 year)

Library Science, Women's Studies

Management

a. Proficiency Certificate Level (2 years)

Bookkeeping & Cost Accounts, Business Principles & Office Practices, Elements of Economics, Business Mathematics, Elements of Marketing, Elements of Finance, Government Accounting

b. Bachelor Level BBS. (3 years)

Business Mathematics & Statistics, Economic Analysis, Legal Environment of Business: Accounting for Financial Analysis & Planning, Cost & Management Accountancy, Organizational Management, Fundamentals of Marketing, Business Finance, Foundation of Human Resources Management: Accounting for Business, Taxation in Nepal, Auditing, Accounting Information System, Accounting for Hotel Management, Accounting for Financial Institutions: Financial Management, Financial Markets & Institutions, Investment Analysis: Marketing Communications, Distribution Management, Fundamentals of Selling: Organizational Analysis and Relations, Foundation of Industrial Relations, Introduction to Human Resources Development: Data Processing & Computer System, Productivity & Operations Management, Introduction to Management Information System: Tourism Management, Rural Development & Cooperative Management, Hotel Management , Entrepreneurship & Small Business Management, Transport Management, Project Management, Natural Resources & Environment Management, Banking & Insurance, Foreign Trade and Transit Management

c. Master Level MBA. ( 2 years)

Statistics & Quantitative Techniques for Management, Personnel Management & Organizational Behavior, Management Accountancy, Financial Management, Marketing Management, Business Policy & Environment, Production Management, Managerial Economics, Public Enterprise Management, Budgeting: Profit, Planning & Control, Tax Laws & Tax Planning, Advanced Auditing, Assets Management for Business, Capital Structure Management for Business, Investment Management, Distribution Management, Marketing Research, Consumer Behavior, International Marketing, Industrial Relations in Nepal, Human Resource Management, Industrial Psychology, Thesis

d. Master Level MBS (Master in Business Studies) (2 year)

Research Methodology & Statical Mathods, Business Economics, Organizational Behaviour and Human Resources, Management Accounting, Corporate Financial Management, Marketing Management, Business Policy & Environment, Production and Operations Management, Entrepreneurship Development, Profit, Planning & Control, Tax Laws & Tax Planning, Advanced Auditing, Accounting Theory, Small Business Management, International Business, Organizational Development, Labor Relations, Fundations of Financial Theory, Capital Structure Management, Investments, Financial Institutions and Markets, Multinational Corporate Finance, Consumer Behavior, International Marketing, Marketing Research, Service Marketing and Thesis (Thesis writing withing the specialization area)

Education

(a)Proficiency Certificate Level (2 years

English Language Education, Nepali Language Education, Mathematics Education, Science Education,Health & Physical Education, Population Education, History Education, Geography Education, Economics Education, Political Science Education, Vocational Education

(b)Bachelor Level B.ED. (3 years & 1 year)

The subjects in (a) above plus Educational Management, Primary Education, Non-formal Education'. Educational Technology, Early Childhood Education, Curriculum & Evaluation, Special Education, English Language Education, Nepali Language Education, Mathematics Education, Science Education, Health Education, Physical Education, History Education, Geography Education, Economics Education, Political Science Education, Educational Planning & Management, Curriculum Evaluation

(c) Master Level M.Ed. (2 years)

English Language Education, Nepaii Language Education, Mathematics Education, Science Education, Health Education, Physical Education, History Education, Geography Education, Economics Education, Political Science Education, Educational Planning & Management, Curriculum & Evaluation

Law

Bachelor Level. LL.B.. (3 years)

a. Jurisprudence, Procedural Law & Law of Evidence, Constitutional Law, Public International Law, Company & Corporation Law, Family Law, Press Law, Equity and Torts, Administrative Law,Population Law, Fiscal Law 0 Criminal Law, International Institutions & Human Rights, Property Law, Methods of Legal Writing & Legal Research, Interpretation of Statutes, Moot Court, Labor Law, Election Law, International Air & Space Law, Taxation Law, Environmental Law, Refugee Law

b. Major Legal Systems, Hindu Jurisprudence & Nepalese Legal System, Law of Contract, Internship, Law of the Sea & International Rivers, Law of Banking & Negotiable Instruments, Private International Law, Criminology, International Trade Law, Intellectual Property Law.

Master Level LLM (2 years)

a. Comparative Jurisprudence, Legal Research, Public International Law, Constitutional Law, Commercial Law, Seminar

b.Constitutional Law, Nepalese Legal System, Commercial Law, Human Rights & International Humanitarian Law, Thesis.

Subjects Taught in the Institutes

Science & Technology

(a) Proficiency Certificate level (2 years)

Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics

(b) Bachelor Level B.Sc. (3 years)

Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Zoology, Botany, Geology, Microbiology, Computer Science, Environmental Science

(c) Bachelor Level B.Tech. (3 years)

Food Technology

(d) Master Level M.Sc. (2 years

Physics. Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Zoology, Botany, Geology, Microbiology, Meteorology, Specialization or Dissertation

Engineering

Diploma in Engineering (3 years)

Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Refrigeration & Air-conditioning, Architectural Engineering, Automobile Engineering

Bachelor Level BE & B. Arch (4 years)

Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
Architectural engineering (5 years)

Master Level Msc (2 years)

Urban Planning, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering

Medicine

Proficiency Certificate Level Medicine (1.5 years):

Health Lab, Pharmacy, Radiography

Nursing (3 years):

a. Fundamentals of Nursing, Community Health Nursing, Integrated Science Related to Health.
b. Community Health Nursing, Nursing Care of Children, Midwifery, Behavioral Science.
c. Care of Adults (Medical & Surgical Nursing), Care of Adults (Medical and surgical nursing). Leadership Management (Ward. Community. Health)

Bachelor Level

Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) (3 Years & 12 weeks)
Bachelor of Public Health (BPH) (3 Years)
Bachelor of Medical Laboratory 'Technology (BMLT) 3 Years
Bachelor of Nursing (BN) (2 years')
Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine & Surgery (BAMS) 3 years)

Postgraduate Diploma

Diploma in Anesthesiology (DA) 1 Year)
Diploma in Gynecology (DGO) 1 Year)
Diploma in Child Health (DCH) (1 Year)
Diploma in Otorhinolaryngology (DLO) (1 year)
Diploma in Medico Radiological Diagnosis (DMRD) 2 years)

Postgraduate Degree

Master of Science - Public Health (M.Sc.PH) (2 years)
Master of Surgery - General Surgery (MS) (3 years)
Master of Surgery - Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery (MS) (3 years)
Doctor of Medicine- Ophthalmology (MD) (3 years)
Doctor of Medicine- Internal Medicine (MD) (3 years)
Doctor of' Medicine- General Practice (MDGP) (3 years)
Doctor of Medicine- Gynecology & Obstetrics (MD) (3 years)
Doctor of Medicine- Pathology (MD) (3 years)
Doctor of Medicine Anesthesiology (MD) (3 years)
Master of Nursing MN (2 years)

Nursing (Post-basic course (2 years)

a. Common Health Problems, Nursing Concept & Principles, Social Science. Community Health Nursing. Hospital Nursing
b. Health Economics & Nursing. Mental health and leadership & Management, Applied Research, Nursing Concept & Principles. Research Nursing, Mental Health, Research Practice (Community Nursing. Mental health

Ayurved (3 years)
Traditional Medicine, General Medicine

Ayurved BAMS (5.5 years):

a. History of Ayurved, Padartha Vigyan, Ashtanga Sangraha, Shareerrachana Vigyan, Shareerkriya Vigyan
b.Swasthyavritta, Dravyaguna, Rasashatra & V. Kalpana, Agadatantra & B.Ayurved, Roga Vigyan & Vikriti Vigyan, Charakasamhita (Purvardha) 0 Kayachikitsa, Shalyatantra, Shalakyatantra, Kaumar Bhtriya, Prasootitantra & Streeroga, Charakasamhita (Uttarardha).

Master Level

Nursing (2 years):

a. Nursing Theories & Models, Epidemology & Statistics, Nursing Research, Trends & Issues in Nursing, Educational Science, Health Services Management, Advanced Nursing (Women's Health)

b. Advanced Nursing (Maternal & New-born Health), Thesis Writing & viva voce

Agriculture & Animal Science

Proficiency Certificate Level (2 years)

1. Physical & Inorganic Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Morphology & Anatomy of Plants, Agricultural Zoology
2. Organic Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Taxonomy & Economic Botany, Agricultural Zoology, Agronomy, Animal Husbandry, Fundamentals of Horticulture.

Bachelor Level B.Sc. Ag. (4 years)

1. Agricultural Botany, Agrometeorology, Statistics & Computer Science. Agronomy. Genetics, Horticulture. Animal Husbandry, Soil & Soil Fertility, Entomology, Rural Sociology. Biochemistry and Physics
2.
Principles of Economics; Extension Education; Crop Production. Principles of Plant Pathology.. Soil Physics, Genesis & Classification; Fruit & Plantation Crops; Plant Physiology., Farm Power & Machinery.- Animal Breeding & Techniques of Livestock Improvement., Animal Nutrition & Fodder Production; Introductory Plant Breeding-, Introduction to Dairy Science

3. Agriculture, Farm Management, Extension Education, Sociology of Rural Development, Crop Production, Vegetable and Spice Crops. Economic Entomology, Plant Pathogens & Plant Diseases, Soil Conservation, Ornamental Horticulture. Principles & Practices of Irrigation Management. Project Work

4. Post-harvest Horticulture. Agricultural Communication. Applied human Nutrition, Agro - forestry, Farm Structures & Surveying, Farming Systems & Sustainable Agriculture, Nepalese Agricultural Development (Problems. Prospects Strategies).Agricultural Resource Management, Applied Agricultural Biotechnology, technical Writing Seminar

Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry B.VSc. & A.H. (6 years)

1. Anatomy (Grass Anatomy), Anatomy (Grass Anatomy), Biochemistry. LPM (Ruminant), Fodder Production & Pasture Management, Aquaculture, Physiology (Circulatory, Digestive Respiratory, Excretory, Muscular & Nervous Systems), Statistics & Computer Science, Principles of Animal Nutrition, Physics.

2. Anatomy ( Embryology & Histology), Biochemistry, LPM ( Non-ruminant), Fodder Production & Pasture Management, Principles of Genetics & Animal Breeding, Physiology ( Reproduction, Lactation, Growth, Environment & Behaviour), Applied Animal Nutrition, Pharmacology, Dairy Science & Technology

3. Internal Medicine, Animal Breeding & Biotechnology, Microbiology (Bacteriology & Mycology), Animal Product Technology, Parasitology (General Parasitology & Helminthology), Pathology ( General Pathology & Oncology), Microbiology ( Immunology, Serology & Biotechnology), Veterinary Epidemiology & Public Health, Rural Sociology, Clinical Practice

4. Microbiology (Virology), Pathology (Systemic, Clinical & Necropsy), Parasitology ( Arthropods & Protozoa), Preventive Medicine, Surgery (Principles of Surgery, Anesthesiology & Radiology), Theriogenology (Gynecology & Obstetrics), Pharmacology (Chemotherapy & Toxicology), Extension Education, Principles of Economics, Clinical Practice

5. Surgery (Orthopedic. Operative & Soundness), Preventive Medicine & Jurisprudence, Theriogenology (Fertility. Andrology, Embryo Transfer & AI), Extension Education, Wildlife Management & Environment, Livestock Economics & Marketing, Project Planning & Report Writing, Applied Human Nutrition, Clinical Practice, Clinical Conference

6. Internship

Forestry

Proficiency Certificate Level (2 years)

1. Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics and Social Sciences - for Forestry: Physical Training, Basic Soil Science , Forest Policy & Procedures, Surveying & Mapping, Forest Menstruation, Field Work

2. Health & Hygiene, Physical Training, Wildlife & Protected Area Management, Eco-tourism & Recreation Management, Soil Conservation & Watershed Management, Silviculture, Agro-forestry, Forest Protection, Forest Management, Social/Community Forestry, Forest - Harvesting & Logging, Utilization, Extension and Engineering, Field work

For I Sc. Forestry Pass Entrants

1. Applied Physics, Forest Botany, Forest zoology, Mathematics for forestry, Applied chemistry, Basic economics, Forest botany, Applies physics, Applied chemistry, Forest zoology.

2. Introductory Silviculture, Surveying & Engineering, Forest, Forest menstruation, forest law and policy, social sciences for forestry, introductory Agro-forestry, basic economics, field training, forest management, forest extension, forest product utilization, soil conservation and watershed management, wild life and eco tourism management, forest botany.

Bachelor Level B.Sc. Forestry. (4 years)

1. Introduction to Biochemistry, Forestry Extension, Forest Surveying, Statistics, Forest Geology, Wildlife Biology, Silviculture (Silvics), Silviculture, Tree Physiology, Forest - Ecology, Economics,Hydrology, and Menstruation, Social Sciences

2. Forest/Soil Conservation Engineering, Wildlife Conservation, Forest Protection, Remote Sensing & Photo Interpretation, Forest Products Utilization, Soil Conservation & Watershed Management, Social/ Community Forestry, Remote Sensing & Photo Interpretation, Forest Management, Forest Management Training, Forest Products Utilization, Experimental Design & Statistical Analysis, Silviculture (Silviculture Systems).

3. Range Management, Agroforestry, Forest Products Utilization, Protected Area & Eco-tourism Management, Environmental Science, Research Methods & Scientific Writing, Forest Management/ Soil Conservation & Wildlife Management (Field Training), Tourism & Recreation in Protected Areas, Community Forestry, Student Seminar, Project Paper, Topical Seminar.

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Address to the First Tribhuvan University Council by the Queen Mother

(The following is a historical document)

January 1961

"Members of the Council,

All of us are aware that Tribhuvan University came into being as a result of late King Tribhuvan's benevolent desire for the establishment in Nepal of a centre of higher learning, capable of instilling democratic values and ideals into the minds of the younger generation.

We had taken a vow for the establishment of the university on the first death anniversary of the late King on 18 Chaitra, 2012 B.S. (1955 AD) with the good wishes and co-operation of all, to turn into reality the unfulfilled dream of the late King. That vow took the form of the TU Commission constituted under our chairmanship.

Now, let us briefly describe the works done so far after the appointment of the Commission. A plan was drafted with the advice of the specialists provided by our friendly countries. The university site was selected. A road leading to the center of the university site was constructed on labour and donations in which the students had participated with unprecedented zeal. In the first year itself, the cornerstone of the university was laid. The University Commission drafted the University Act and the government approved the university bill which was published in the form of an ordinance by our son, the King. To date, the university has granted affiliation to 27 colleges. Various universities of friendly countries have recognised this university. The first convocation was organised, wherein 310 graduates received degrees. The citizens of Nepal have in fact made history by receiving the degrees for the first time from the nation's university.

In building TU, besides HMG, various commissions and committees appointed occasionally have extended their co-operation. In addition, friendly countries too in various forms have extended co-operation. We are grateful to all the persons, organisations and countries that have thus extended their help, co-operation and service directly or indirectly. We have been highly impressed mainly by the zeal shown and the active co-operation extended by the students in making this university. We believe that the university will go on progressing day by day and that the university will be successful in retaining the love of the students.

The work in the university could not progress at the speed we expected. The reason might be that our expectations traveled faster than what was possible in the daily progress of work. Anyway, though the way the university has progressed has not been to our satisfaction, it has established a tradition which will go down in history as a separate chapter and we are confident that the tradition will go on flowering.

At the very birth of the university project we became Chairman of the TU Commission and later Chancellor and Pro-Chancellor of the university. By reason of having to start a new work and of the university being a completely new experience for Nepal, mistakes might have been committed in the course of its making. A university is a sacred place to acquire education in and therefore the mistakes we have committed have become an education to us. We sincerely wish those mistakes should go with us so that they do not reappear in the future.

The university being the lighthouse of a nation's wisdom, the means of making a nation respected and respectable becomes fully nurtured under its roof only and the future of a nation takes shape here. By being a meeting point of various thoughts, the university always guides the generations to come. According to the primary laws of creation, the son alone can fulfil the dream of the father and the creation progresses strictly in accordance with these laws. Strictly adhering to this principle, we are today handing over the offices of the Chancellor and Pro-Chancellor of the university to our son, the King. Because of our personal involvement in the making of the university from the very beginning it is but natural for us to feel great pain in thus severing our relationship with it. Anyway, taking the university's speedy and long-term development to be our only aim, we are today resigning from the offices of the Chancellor and Pro-Chancellor as well as the membership of the university, putting aside our personal attachment to it and with the conviction that one retiring from the university would best serve the cause of the university. Our son, the King, being the symbol of the nation, we have the feeling of satisfaction that by handing it over to our son we are handing over the university to the generations to come. Now that its management is placed in the nation's capable hands, the institution will certainly be able to self-sustain from every angle. We firmly believe that no hindrance will come in the way of its development under the stewardship of the new Chancellor.

In conclusion, we also assure you that we, though now out of the daily administration of the university, will stay throughout our life in our good wishes for the welfare and progress of the university and rendering any service we can do.

May Lord Pasupatinath fulfil our wish.

"Long live Nepal!"